Biochemistry Assignment, UTHM, Malaysia Mr. Raman, a 54-year-old man was brought to the emergency department with unconscious level and increased respiratory rate

Mr. Raman, a 54-year-old man was brought to the emergency department with unconscious level and increased respiratory rate for the last 4 hours. He is having a history of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus past 15 years, as he was not following any medical advice from a physician.

He was on insulin therapy for 3 years, but he was not taking a regular dose of insulin. The patient’s relative is telling that he is also having to complain of weakness and decrease urine output for the last 2 days.

On General examination, the physician noted that Mr. Raman has the following signs and symptoms:

• Dryness of mouth.
• Pale & dry conjunctive
• Shrunken eyeball.
• Low volume pulse
• Tachypnea
• Tachycardia
• Very low blood pressure.

A doctor makes the admission to ICU and asked immediately for a blood investigation.

1. Give an explanation for the altered consciousness condition and increase respiratory rate in this patient.
2. Explain what metabolic effects and functional abnormalities can occur due to increased acetone levels in this patient.
3. What is Diabetic ketoacidosis and explain the effect of acidosis on 02-0O2?
4. What are the pathophysiological effects due to decrease urine output in this patient?
5. Describe your findings on the patient’s Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) report.

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