HPGD2103 Guidance and Counselling / Bimbingan dan Kaunseling September 2025 Semester
| University | Open University Malaysia (OUM) |
| Subject | HPGD2103: Guidance and Counselling |
SPECIFIC INSTRUCTION / ARAHAN KHUSUS
- Answer in Malay or / Jawab dalam Bahasa Melayu atau Bahasa Inggeris.
- Number of words: 2500 – 3000 words for question 1 and 1000 – 1500 words for question 2, excluding references / Jumlah patah perkataan: 2500-3000 patah perkataan untuk soalan 1 dan 1000 -1500 patah perkataan untuk soalan 2 tidak termasuk rujukan.
- Submit your assignment ONCE only in a SINGLE file. / Hantar tugasan SEKALI sahaja dalam SATU fail.
- Submit your assignment / Tugasan ini dihantar secara ONLINE.
- Submission date : 4 NOVEMBER / Tarikh penghantaran : 4 NOVEMBER 2025.
- This assignment accounts for 60% of the total marks for the course. / Tugasan ini menyumbang sebanyak 60% dari jumlah markah kursus.
ASSIGNMENT QUESTION
PART 1
Question 1: Essay (30 Marks)
INSTRUCTION: Prepare an essay addressing the following questions. Support your arguments/ideas with relevant examples and a review of related literature from reputable sources.
- Uncooperative clients can significantly hinder the progress of counselling by withholding information, resisting engagement, or avoiding discussion of important issues. Analyse the underlying reasons for such uncooperativeness and examine how these behaviours may manifest during counselling sessions. With reference to relevant literature, discuss practical strategies that counsellors can employ to effectively manage and reduce client resistance.
- Communication skills are central to building therapeutic relationships, yet their effectiveness depends on context, timing, and the counsellor’s adaptability. Analyse the key components of effective communication in counselling and explain how each contributes to client understanding and trust.
Question 2: Essay (20 Marks)
INSTRUCTION: Prepare an essay addressing the following question. Support your arguments/ideas with relevant examples and a review of related literature from reputable sources.
In the exploration stage of counselling, a holistic understanding of the client is essential for effective intervention.
Critically discuss how a counsellor can integrate the processes of exploring the client’s problem in depth, analysing their daily level of functioning, understanding their thinking patterns and readiness (or resistance) to change, and recognising their inner strengths to help them build outer strengths. In your answer, explain how these elements interact with one another and support your discussion with some practical examples.
(Total: 50 marks)
PART 2
Online Class Participation (10 Marks)
INSTRUCTION: This section requires students to participate actively in the MyINSPIRE e-forum. Discuss the following topic and submit proof of participation (the best FIVE) when submitting your assignment.
As future or practising counsellors, critically evaluate how confidentiality is upheld in counselling, taking into account both its strengths and limitations in safeguarding client welfare. In your discussion, assess circumstances where breaching confidentiality may be ethically justified, and critically weigh the potential benefits and risks for both the client and the counsellor.
(10 marks)
[Total: 60 marks]
INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW TO SUBMIT PROOF OF ONLINE CLASS PARTICIPATION (10%)
Do the following:
- Select the best FIVE (5) postings from the forum discussion set up by your tutor.
- Take screenshots of the postings and include them as images in your assignment.
- The screenshots should be in an image file (either in JPG or PNG format). Refer to the sample of Screen Grab below
- The screenshots should contain the Name, Title of the discussion, Day, Date and Time.
SOALAN TUGASAN
BAHAGIAN 1
Soalan 1: Esei (30 Markah)
ARAHAN: Tuliskan karangan mengikut soalan-soalan di bawah. Sokong hujah/idea anda dengan contoh yang relevan dan tinjauan literatur berkaitan daripada sumber yang bereputasi.
- Klien yang tidak bekerjasama sering mencabar kemajuan sesi kaunseling dengan menyembunyikan maklumat, enggan terlibat atau mengelak daripada membincangkan isu-isu penting. Analisa kemungkinan sebab-sebab ketidakkerjasamaan klien dan jelaskan bagaimana tingkah laku ini terserlah semasa sesi kaunseling. Dengan merujuk kepada literatur yang relevan, bincangkan strategi praktikal yang boleh digunakan oleh kaunselor untuk mengurus dan mengurangkan penolakan klien secara berkesan.
- Kemahiran komunikasi adalah teras kepada pembinaan hubungan terapeutik, namun keberkesanannya bergantung pada konteks, masa dan keupayaan kaunselor untuk menyesuaikan diri. Analisa komponen utama komunikasi berkesan dalam kaunseling dan jelaskan bagaimana setiap komponen menyumbang kepada kefahaman serta kepercayaan klien.
Soalan 2: Esei (20 Markah)
ARAHAN: Tuliskan karangan berdasarkan kepada soalan berikut. Sokong hujah/idea anda dengan contoh yang relevan dan tinjauan literatur berkaitan daripada sumber yang bereputasi.
Peringkat penerokaan dalam kaunseling adalah pemahaman menyeluruh terhadap klien untuk intervensi yang berkesan.
Bincangkan secara kritikal bagaimana seorang kaunselor dapat mengintegrasikan proses meneroka masalah klien secara mendalam, menganalisa tahap kefungsian harian mereka, memahami corak pemikiran dan kesediaan (atau penentangan) untuk berubah serta mengenal pasti kekuatan dalaman mereka bagi membantu membina kekuatan luaran. Dalam jawapan anda, jelaskan bagaimana elemen-elemen ini saling berinteraksi dan sokong perbincangan anda dengan beberapa contoh praktikal.
(50 markah)
BAHAGIAN 2
Penyertaan Kelas Dalam Talian (10 Markah)
ARAHAN: Bahagian ini memerlukan pelajar untuk mengambil bahagian secara aktif dalam eforum MyINSPIRE. Bincangkan topik berikut dan serahkan bukti penyertaan (LIMA terbaik) semasa menghantar tugasan anda.
Sebagai kaunselor masa hadapan atau yang sedang mempraktikannya, nilai secara kritis bagaimana kerahsiaan dijalankan dalam kaunseling dengan mengambil kira kekuatan dan keterbatasannya dalam melindungi kebajikan klien. Dalam perbincangan anda, huraikan keadaan di mana pelanggaran kerahsiaan mungkin boleh dibenarkan secara etika serta pertimbangkan secara kritis potensi manfaat dan risikonya terhadap klien serta kaunselor.
(10 markah)
[Jumlah: 60 markah]
ARAHAN BAGI TATACARA PENGHANTARAN SEBAGAI BUKTI AKTIVITI ONLINE CLASS PARTICIPATION (10%)
Laksanakan perkara berikut:
Pilih LIMA (5) postings terbaik dari perbincangan dalam talian yang telah disediakan oleh tutor anda.
- Laksanakan screen shot posting dan isikan dalam tugasan anda sebagai file imej.
- Imej screen shot mesti dalam format imej (sama ada JPG atau PNG). Rujuk pada contoh screen shot di bawah.
- Screen shot mesti mengandungi: Nama, Tajuk Perbincangan, Hari, Tarikh dan Masa.
ASSIGNMENT RUBRICS
Part / Bahagian 1 – Question 1
| QN | CLO | Criteria/
Kriteria |
Weight/ Pemberat | Excellent/
Cemerlang |
Good/
Baik |
Fair/
Sederhana |
Poor/
Lemah |
Unsatisfactory/ Tidak memuaskan | Max Marks |
| 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |||||
| 1 | 1 | Introduction.
Pengenalan. |
1.0 | Excellent and very comprehensive introduction.
Pengenalan yang sangat baik dan sangat komprehensif. |
A good and comprehensive introduction
Pengenalan yang baik dan komprehensif. |
A relatively good and quite comprehensive introduction
Pengenalan yang agak baik dan agak komprehensif. |
Poor introduction.
Pengenalan yang lemah. |
There is no introduction provided
Tiada pengenalan |
4 |
| 1 (1) | 2 | Uncooperative clients and practical strategies to manage and reduce them.
Klien yang tidak memberi kerjasama dan strategi untuk mengurus serta mengatasi. |
3.0 | The explanation was comprehensive, with relevant examples and supported by literature from reputable sources.
Penerangan komprehensif dengan contoh relevan yang jelas dan disokong oleh tinjauan literatur daripada sumber yang bereputasi. |
The explanation was clear, with relevant examples and supported by literature from reputable sources.
Penerangan jelas dengan contoh yang relevan dan disokong oleh tinjauan literatur daripada sumber yang bereputasi. |
The explanation was brief, with no examples.
Penerangan ringkas tanpa sebarang contoh. |
The explanation was vague and confusing.
Penerangan samar-samar dan mengelirukan. |
There is no explanation provided.
Tiada Penerangan. |
12 |
| 1 (2) | 2 | Communication skills.
Skil komunikasi. |
2.5 | The explanation was comprehensive, with relevant examples and supported by literature from reputable sources.
Penerangan komprehensif dengan contoh relevan yang jelas dan disokong oleh tinjauan literatur daripada sumber yang bereputasi. |
The explanation was clear, with relevant examples and supported by literature from reputable sources.
Penerangan jelas dengan contoh yang relevan dan disokong oleh tinjauan literatur daripada sumber yang bereputasi. |
The explanation was brief, with no examples.
Penerangan ringkas tanpa sebarang contoh. |
The explanation was vague and confusing.
Penerangan samar-samar dan mengelirukan. |
There is no explanation provided.
Tiada Penerangan. |
10 |
| 1 | 1 | Conclusion.
Kesimpulan. |
0.5 | The conclusion is excellent, links the introduction content and is well summarized
Kesimpulan sangat baik, menyimpulkan semua bahagian pengenalan, kandungan dan diringkaskan dengan baik. |
The conclusion is good, links the introduction content and is well summarized
Kesimpulan adalah baik, menyimpulkan semua bahagian pengenalan, kandungan dan diringkaskan dengan baik. |
The conclusion is satisfactory but does not link with the introduction and content
Kesimpulan memuaskan tetapi tidak menyimpulkan bahagian pengenalan dan kandungan. |
There is no definite. The writing ends abruptly.
Tidak kesimpulan yang jelas. Penulisan akhir begitu sahaja. |
There is no conclusion provided.
Tiada kesimpulan diberikan. |
2 |
| 1 | 1 | Citation and References
Petikan dan rujukan |
0.5 | More than four citations and references are provided, and all citations, sources and references are according to the APA 7th edition style.
Menyatakan lebih daripada empat petikan dan rujukan diberikan dan semua sumber petikan dan rujukan mengikut gaya APA edisi ke 7. |
Four citations and references are provided, and all citations, sources and references are according to the APA 7th edition style.
Empat petikan dan rujukan diberikan dan semua sumber petikan dan rujukan mengikut gaya APA edisi ke 7. |
Four citations and references were provided but not according to the APA 7th edition style.
Empat petikan dan rujukan diberikan tetapi tidak mengikut gaya APA edisi ke 7. |
Less than four citations and references were provided
Kurang daripada empat petikan dan rujukan diberikan. |
There is no citation or reference provided in this assignment
Tiada petikan dan rujukan diberikan dalam tugasan ini |
2 |
| Total | 7.5 | 30 | |||||||
*QN = Question Number
Part / Bahagian 1 – Question 2
| *QN/ *NS | CLO | Criteria/
Kriteria |
Weight/ Pemberat | Excellent/
Cemerlang |
Good/
Baik |
Fair/
Sederhana |
Poor/
Lemah |
Unsatisfactory/ Tidak memuaskan | Max Marks |
| 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |||||
| 2 | 1 | Introduction
Pengenalan |
1.0 | Excellent and very comprehensive introduction.
Pengenalan yang sangat baik dan sangat komprehensif. |
Good and comprehensive introduction.
Pengenalan yang baik dan komprehensif. |
Quite a good and quite a comprehensive introduction
Pengenalan yang agak baik dan agak komprehensif. |
Poor introduction.
Pengenalan yang lemah. |
There is no introduction provided.
Tiada pengenalan |
4 |
| 2 | 2 | The exploration stage of counselling.
Peringkat eksplorasi dalam kaunseling. |
2.5 |
The explanation was comprehensive, with relevant examples and supported by literature from reputable sources.
Penerangan komprehensif dengan contoh relevan yang jelas dan disokong oleh tinjauan literatur daripada sumber yang bereputasi. |
The explanation was clear, with relevant examples and supported by literature from reputable sources.
Penerangan jelas dengan contoh yang relevan dan disokong oleh tinjauan literatur daripada sumber yang bereputasi. |
The explanation was brief, with no examples.
Penerangan ringkas tanpa sebarang contoh. |
The explanation was vague and confusing.
Penerangan samar-samar dan mengelirukan. |
There is no explanation provided.
Tiada penerangan |
10 |
| 2 | 1 | Conclusion
Kesimpulan. |
1.0 | The conclusion is excellent, links the introduction content and is well summarised
Kesimpulan sangat baik, menyimpulkan semua bahagian pengenalan, kandungan dan diringkaskan dengan baik. |
The conclusion is good and links the introduction content, and is well summarised
Kesimpulan adalah baik, menyimpulkan semua bahagian pengenalan, kandungan dan diringkaskan dengan baik. |
The conclusion is satisfactory but does not link with the introduction and content.
Kesimpulan memuaskan tetapi tidak menyimpulkan bahagian pengenalan dan kandungan. |
There is no definite. The writing ends abruptly.
Tidak kesimpulan yang jelas. Penulisan akhir begitu sahaja. |
There is no conclusion provided.
Tiada kesimpulan diberikan. |
4 |
| 2 | 1 | Citation and References
Petikan dan rujukan |
0.5 | More than four citations and references were provided, and all citations, sources and references are according to the APA 7th edition style.
Menyatakan lebih daripada empat petikan dan rujukan diberikan dan semua sumber petikan dan rujukan mengikut gaya APA edisi ke 7. |
Four citations and references were provided, and all citations, sources and references were according to the APA 7th edition style.
Empat petikan dan rujukan diberikan dan semua sumber petikan dan rujukan mengikut gaya APA edisi ke 7. |
Four citations and references were provided but not according to the APA 7th style.
Empat petikan dan rujukan diberikan tetapi tidak mengikut gaya APA edisi ke 7. |
Less than four citations and references were provided.
Kurang daripada empat petikan dan rujukan diberikan. |
There is no citation or reference provided in this assignment.
Tiada petikan dan rujukan diberikan dalam tugasan ini |
2 |
| Total | 5 | 20 | |||||||
Part 2
Marks for the forum will be given based on the following rubric:
Markah bagi perbincangan dalam talian diberi berdasarkan rubrik:
| QN |
CLO
|
Criteria/
Kriteria |
Weight/ Pemberat | Excellent/
Cemerlang |
Good/
Baik |
Fair/
Sederhana |
Poor/
Lemah |
Unsatisfactory/ Tidak memuaskan | Max marks |
| 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |||||
| 1 | 3 | Quality of Postings
Kualiti Postings Affective Domain (A2) |
2.5 | All five comments are good, appropriate, relevant, meaningful, and
respectful
Kelima-lima komen baik, sesuai, relevan, bermakna dan berhemah |
Four of the comments are good, appropriate, relevant, meaningful, and
respectful
Empat |
Three of the comments are somewhat good, appropriate, meaningful, and respectful
Tiga komen baik, sesuai, relevan, bermakna dan berhemah |
None of the comments is good and relevant. / Comments are short responses that are not substantial or meaningful. Minimum effort (e.g. “I agree with Tina”)
Tiada komen yang baik dan relevan./ Komen hanya respon yang ringkas dan tidak meluas dan tidak bermakna. Usaha minimum (Cth: “Saya bersetuju dengan Tina”) |
No postings were given as proof of participation in the discussion
Tiada Postings diberi sebagai bukti penyertaan dalam perbincangan |
10 |
| Total Marks/
Jumlah Markah |
2.5 | 10 | |||||||
*QN = Question Number
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