BDY512 Coastal And Marine Habitats UITM Assignment Answer In Malaysia

BDY512 Coastal and Marine Habitats is an introductory course that explores the fascinating world of coastal and marine environments. This course provides students with a comprehensive understanding of marine ecology, focusing on the intricate relationships between organisms and their habitats. Students will delve into the physiological, behavioral, and adaptive characteristics of marine organisms, gaining insights into their unique adaptations for survival in diverse marine ecosystems.

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Assignment Task 1 : Explain coastal and marine habitats.

Coastal and marine habitats are ecosystems that exist in the areas where the land meets the sea. They are characterized by their unique physical and biological features and play a crucial role in supporting diverse marine life. These habitats are influenced by a combination of factors, including tides, waves, currents, and the presence of both freshwater and saltwater.

Coastal habitats include a variety of environments such as sandy beaches, rocky shores, estuaries, wetlands, and coral reefs. These habitats are dynamic and constantly changing due to the forces of erosion, deposition, and human activities. They provide essential resources and ecosystem services, including food, shelter, breeding grounds, and protection from storms.

Marine habitats, on the other hand, encompass the vast expanse of the open ocean and its various zones, such as the pelagic zone (open water), benthic zone (ocean floor), and the intertidal zone (area between high and low tides). These habitats are home to a wide array of marine organisms, ranging from microscopic plankton to large marine mammals.

Assignment Task 2 : Differentiate between each marine coastal region and differentiate each marine coastal habitat in sandy shores, rocky shores, estuaries, wet land and coral reefs.

• Sandy Shores: Sandy shores are characterized by loose sediments composed of sand and gravel. They are found along coastlines and are often influenced by wave action. Sandy shores support a variety of organisms such as burrowing animals, bivalves, and sand-dwelling species like sand crabs. These habitats can have a high level of biodiversity and are important nesting areas for sea turtles.
• Rocky Shores: Rocky shores consist of solid rock formations along the coastline. They are subjected to the pounding of waves and are often exposed during low tides. Rocky shores provide a substrate for attachment and colonization by a diverse range of marine organisms, including algae, barnacles, mussels, and various types of seaweed. They also offer refuge and feeding grounds for intertidal species like crabs, snails, and sea stars.
• Estuaries: Estuaries are transitional areas where rivers meet the sea. They are characterized by a mixture of saltwater and freshwater and are influenced by tidal fluctuations. Estuaries provide vital nursery grounds for many fish species and support a rich diversity of plants and animals adapted to the brackish conditions. They are also important habitats for migratory birds and serve as filtration systems for improving water quality.
• Wetlands: Wetlands are areas where the land is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally. They can occur along coastlines, including marshes, swamps, and mangrove forests. Wetlands act as nurseries and breeding grounds for various marine species, including fish, crustaceans, and birds. They also serve as buffers against coastal erosion, absorb excess nutrients, and provide important ecosystem services.
• Coral Reefs: Coral reefs are marine habitats built by colonies of tiny coral polyps. They thrive in warm, shallow waters with clear sunlight. Coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems on Earth, providing a home for countless species of fish, invertebrates, and plants. They offer protection, food, and breeding grounds for many marine organisms and serve as natural barriers, protecting coastlines from storms and wave erosion.

Assignment Task 3 :Identify the basic information about marine plant and animals.

Marine Plants:

• Marine plants, also known as seaweeds or marine algae, are photosynthetic organisms that inhabit the marine environment.
• They come in various forms, including filamentous, sheet-like, and bushy structures.
• Marine plants play a vital role in the ecosystem by producing oxygen, serving as primary producers, and providing food and habitat for numerous marine animals.
• Examples of marine plants include kelp, seagrasses, and phytoplanktonMarine Animals:
• Marine animals encompass a vast array of organisms that inhabit the oceans, ranging from microscopic plankton to large marine mammals.
• They can be classified into different groups, including fish, marine mammals, crustaceans, mollusks, reptiles, and marine birds.
• Marine animals have evolved various adaptations to survive in their respective habitats, such as streamlined bodies for swimming, gills for extracting oxygen from water, and blubber for insulation.
• These animals fulfill different ecological roles, including predators, prey, scavengers, filter feeders, and decomposers.
• Examples of marine animals include sharks, dolphins, coral reef fish, crabs, squid, sea turtles, and whales.

Assignment Task 4 : Discuss basic inventory and sampling method technique used for coastal and marine habitat.

Inventory and sampling methods are essential for studying coastal and marine habitats. Here are some basic techniques used:

• Visual Surveys: Researchers conduct visual surveys by directly observing and documenting the presence and abundance of organisms in a particular habitat. This method is suitable for assessing larger and more visible species such as fish, marine mammals, and seabirds.
• Transect Sampling: Transect sampling involves laying out a line or tape measure across a habitat and systematically sampling organisms at regular intervals along the line. This method allows researchers to estimate the density and distribution of organisms in a specific area.
• Quadrat Sampling: Quadrat sampling involves placing a square frame or quadrat on the habitat and counting or identifying organisms within the defined area. This method is useful for studying smaller organisms like plants, benthic invertebrates, and sessile marine animals.
• Trawling and Towing Nets: Trawling and towing nets are used to collect samples of organisms from the water column. These nets are dragged behind a boat, capturing a variety of organisms such as plankton, fish larvae, and small invertebrates. This technique provides insights into the composition and abundance of organisms in the open ocean.
• Coral Reef Surveys: Surveys of coral reefs often involve a combination of visual observations, underwater photography, and video recordings. These methods help assess coral health, species diversity, and the presence of reef-associated organisms.
• Underwater Sampling Devices: Various specialized devices, such as sediment grabs, corers, and dredges, are used to collect samples of sediments, benthic organisms, and other materials from the ocean floor. These devices provide information about the composition and structure of benthic communities.

It’s important to note that sampling methods should be conducted with care and consideration for the environment to minimize any potential impact on the habitats and organisms being studied.

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