BNBM 6144 Basic Medical Science II (Bio Chemistry and Immunology) Individual Assignment 2026

BNBM6144 Individual Assignment

Task

You are required to write an essay addressing the below:

A. Elaborate the disorders where jaundice appears as a clinical symptom.

• Discuss at least three major categories of disorders (pre-hepatic, hepatic, and post-hepatic).
• Explain the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to bilirubin accumulation and provide relevant examples.

B.  Describe the types of jaundice with their respective bilirubin levels.

• Define each type: pre-hepatic, hepatic, and post-hepatic.
• Explain normal and abnormal serum bilirubin ranges.
• Compare conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin levels in each type.

C. Explain how liver function test (LFT) assist in distinguishing between different types of jaundice.

• Discuss the significance of key LFT parameters.
• Interpret how specific LFT patterns indicate hepatic versus obstructive pathology and provide examples from clinical aspects.

Instructions

The written assignment should include:

Introduction

Start with a general introductory sentence and then introduce the topic more specifically. Define all significant concepts or keywords; explain briefly what the topic is about, and what your main discussion will be.

Content

This will contain the main issues and key themes raised. Make sure your arguments are supported by evidence such as specific examples or references from your reading. All sources must be acknowledged and referenced accurately.

Conclusion

The conclusion reflects and summarizes the main points raised in the content of the essay. Do not introduce any new material or use references in the conclusion.

Guidelines:

• An electronic copy of your work must be presented using Microsoft Word, Arial text font size 11 with 1½ spacing between lines.
• Use appropriate sub-headings to structure the work.
• Academic misconduct (e.g., plagiarism, collusion) is a serious offense therefore work must be original and supported by references to scholarly materials.
• Read widely and interpret the literature in your words (paraphrasing).
• Direct quotes should be kept to an absolute minimum.
• Using the APA 7^th ed. referencing system, references cited in the body of the text must match those in the end reference list.
• You are required to submit the assignment in form of an electronic copy, and submission is via MOODLE.
• Marks will be deducted for severe grammar and spelling errors
• Ensure you have attached assignment cover page to identify your work, and ensure your work has suitable paragraphs.