DYB10042 Introduction to Biotechnology Assessment 2026 | Politeknik Malaysia

University Politeknik Malaysia (PM)
Subject DYB10042 Introduction to Biotechnology

DYB10042 Assessment 

Project title/name of product: bio-compost from kitchen/fruit waste

Team profiles:

Names Responsibilities
Nurul syakila
Suri aishah Conceive

 Cdio approach:

Conceive
In households, restaurants, and markets, large quantities of organic waste such as fruit peels, vegetable scraps and leftover foods are often discarded improperly. Most of this waste ends up in landfills, where it decomposes and produces harmful gases such as methane, contributing to environmental pollution and climate change.

Additionally, improper disposal of organic waste can lead to unpleasant odors, attract pests, and cause hygiene issues. Although biodegradable, much of this waste is not utilized efficiently, resulting in a loss of valuable organic material that could otherwise be converted into useful products.

Biotechnology offers a sustainable solution to this issue through the process of composting, where microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi break down organic waste into nutrient-rich bio-compost. In this way, it not only reduces waste but also produces natural fertilizer that can improve soil health.

Chart shows the amount of food waste in landfills.

According to the chart, it shows that food waste going into landfills has increased dramatically since the 1960’s. More importantly, this waste has a major environmental impact. When food waste decomposes in landfills without oxygen, it produces methane gas, a greenhouse gas far more potent than carbon dioxide.

Percentage of food waste manage.

Despite this, composting is still underutilized. Data shows that only about 5% of food waste is currently composted, meaning most organic waste is still being wasted instead of being reused . This indicates a major gap in sustainable waste management practices.

In conclusion, the accumulation of kitchen and fruit waste is a serious environmental problem supported by research data. Bio-composting is a practical biotechnology solution that helps reduce waste and benefits the environment.

Rubric

Criteria Scores
C1 identifies relevant facts (10%) Excellent

(10 marks)

Good

(7.5 marks)

Satisfactory

(5.0 marks)

Needs improvement

(2.5 mark)

Unsatisfactory (0 mark)
C2 interprets graphs and figures (10%) Excellent

(10 marks)

Good

(7.5 marks)

Satisfactory

(5.0 marks)

Needs improvement

(2.5 mark)

Unsatisfactory (0 mark)
C2 explains scientific concepts (20%) Excellent

(20 marks)

Good

(15 marks)

Satisfactory

(10 marks)

Needs improvement

(5 marks)

Unsatisfactory (0 mark)
C2 summarizes methodologies (20%) Excellent

(20 marks)

Good

(15 marks)

Satisfactory

(10 marks)

Needs improvement

(5 marks)

Unsatisfactory (0 mark)
C2 interprets results

(20%)

Excellent

(20 marks)

Good

(15 marks)

Satisfactory

(10 marks)

Needs improvement

(5 marks)

Unsatisfactory (0 mark)
C2 clarifies scientific terminology (10%) Excellent

(10 marks)

Good

(7.5 marks)

Satisfactory

(5.0 marks)

Needs improvement

(2.5 mark)

Unsatisfactory (0 mark)
Additional points
Team formation and responsibilities (10%) Excellent

(10 marks)

Good

(7.5 marks)

Satisfactory

(5.0 marks)

Needs improvement

(2.5 mark)

Unsatisfactory (0 mark)

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