Analysis of Iot Threats and Attacks Thesis, UiTM, Malaysia In the context of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cybercrime, it is common practice to erroneously confine the nomenclature

In the context of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cybercrime, it is common practice to erroneously confine the nomenclature of cybersecurity concerns to the description of criminal acts. In this sense, systems are considered an inherent part of cybercrime, and the term “cybercrime” is commonly used to imply traditional criminal acts such as theft, burglary, coercion, and other offenses in which systems are involved (Assiri & Almagwashi, 2018; Azam et al., 2019; Jayasinghe et al., 2021; Obaidat et al., 2012).

The frequency of cyberattacks targeting the Internet of Things (IoT) has become more pertinent in recent times, particularly with the proliferation of smart devices, mobile devices, and sensors. The concept of “IOT cybersecurity attacks” refers to criminal actions targeting the infrastructure of the Internet of Things (IoT). These attacks can occur within any of the three layers of the IOT architecture, namely the perception layer, network layer, and application layer(Abiodun et al., 2021; Burhanuddin et al., 2018; Ezema, 2018; Tyagi et al., 2020).

IoT security concerns, particularly those linked to hackers, and violations, have grown more visible. Concerns over an individual’s right to privacy arise whenever sensitive information is either lost or intercepted, regardless of whether or not the loss or interception was lawful. An act known as an Internet of Things attack is one in which an attacker gains access to the Internet of Things devices without first obtaining authorization to do so. IoT hackers, also known as hacking persons, are computer programmers with an extensive grasp of computers and often use this sophisticated understanding for malicious reasons(Ullah et al., 2019; Zhou et al., 2019).

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a collection of wired and wireless networks that are distributed across different geographical locations and interconnected through the Internet. The device exhibits the ability to establish connections with a diverse array of gadgets and provide users with a variety of applications that have the potential to enhance their overall well-being (Bekkali et al., 2022; Burhan et al., 2018; Galeano-Brajones et al., 2020; Grammarikis et al., 2004; Yang et al., 2017).

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are commonly equipped with sensors and an IP address and are able to establish a connection with applications via communication channels such as Wi-Fi or Bluetooth. The term “Internet of Things” (IoT) encompasses a wide range of objects, including both consumer products and industrial equipment. The software applications establish a connection with individual sensors to execute pre-defined tasks autonomously, without requiring any human intervention.

Currently, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology is making significant efforts to integrate into our daily routines. The emergence of novel concepts such as smart homes (e.g., learning thermostats), smart cities (e.g., smart parking), medical and health care (e.g., real-time health monitoring systems), smart farm, and connected vehicles have been observed.

Notwithstanding this fact, perpetrators of fraudulent activities exploit the infrastructure of the Internet of Things due to the substantial volume of data that is transmitted via it. As demonstrated in prior research (Kandasamy et al., 2020; Kouicem et al., 2018), a potential cyber attacker could leverage a security weakness in a victim’s camera systems to surreptitiously record activities within the premises, and subsequently demand a ransom from the victim. Alternatively, the perpetrator could tamper with the cooling infrastructure of a data center, thereby elevating the temperature of the data hall and potentially causing harm to the hardware. Both of these situations are feasible.

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