Application of Epidemiological Study Designs in Public Health Epid Assignment 1 Malaysia

University	University of Pennsylvania (Penn)
Subject	Application of Epidemiological Study Designs in Public Health

Objective:

This assignment assesses your ability to apply concepts of descriptive and observational epidemiology to analyze data and interpret findings in a public health context.

Assignment Scenario:

A public health team conducted a study to investigate the association between exposure to air pollution and the development of asthma in children. They followed 5,000 children aged 5–10 years who were free of asthma at baseline for 5 years. The children were classified into three groups based on the average annual particulate matter (PM2.5) levels in their residential areas:

High pollution exposure: 2,000 children
Moderate pollution exposure: 1,500 children
Low pollution exposure: 1,500 children

Over the study period, the number of new asthma cases was:

High pollution exposure: 300 cases
Moderate pollution exposure: 150 cases
Low pollution exposure: 60 cases

The researchers analyzed the data and calculated relative risk (RR), concluding that higher air pollution levels increase the risk of developing asthma.

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Assignment Questions

1. Study Design and Justification (5 Marks)

Answer: Identify the study design used in this research and justify why it is appropriate for investigating the relationship between air pollution and asthma.

2. Cumulative Incidence Calculation (6 Marks)

Answer: Calculate the cumulative incidence of asthma in each pollution exposure group.

3. Relative Risk Calculation and Interpretation (6 Marks)

Answer: Calculate the relative risk (RR) of asthma for children in moderate and high pollution exposure groups compared to those in the low pollution exposure group. Interpret the findings.

4. Confounding Factors (4 Marks)

Answer: Identify two potential confounding factors in this study and explain how they could affect the results.

5. Bias and Limitations (4 Marks)

Answer: Discuss one potential bias in this study and one limitation related to the study design or implementation.

6. Public Health Implications (5 Marks)

Answer: Based on the findings, suggest two public health interventions to reduce asthma risk in children exposed to high levels of air pollution.

Assessment Criteria

Criteria	Marks	Details
Q1: Study Design	5	Correct identification and justification of the study design.
Q2: Cumulative Incidence	6	Accurate calculation of cumulative incidence for each group.
Q3: Relative Risk	6	Correct calculation of RR and clear interpretation of findings.
Q4: Confounding Factors	4	Identification and explanation of relevant confounding factors.
Q5: Bias and Limitations	4	Insightful discussion of potential bias and study limitations.
Q6: Public Health Implications	5	Logical and relevant suggestions for public health interventions.

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Answer